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[A]: Raphanobrassica is an excellent exa...

[A]: Raphanobrassica is an excellent example of allotertraploidy.
[R]: It involves intergeneric cross between radish genus- Raphanus and cabbage genus- Brassica, each of which has a diploid chromosome number of 18.

A

If both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A

B

If both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A

C

If A is true and R is false

D

If both A and R are false

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A man - made genus produced by a cross between cabbage and Radish is

Elementary Transformation of a matrix: The following operation on a matrix are called elementary operations (transformations) 1. The interchange of any two rows (or columns) 2. The multiplication of the elements of any row (or column) by any nonzero number 3. The addition to the elements of any row (or column) the corresponding elements of any other row (or column) multiplied by any number Echelon Form of matrix : A matrix A is said to be in echelon form if (i) every row of A which has all its elements 0, occurs below row, which has a non-zero elements (ii) the first non-zero element in each non –zero row is 1. (iii) The number of zeros before the first non zero elements in a row is less than the number of such zeros in the next now. [ A row of a matrix is said to be a zero row if all its elements are zero] Note: Rank of a matrix does not change by application of any elementary operations For example [(1,1,3),(0,1,2),(0,0,0)],[(1,1,3,6),(0,1,2,2),(0,0,0,0)] are echelon forms The number of non-zero rows in the echelon form of a matrix is defined as its RANK. For example we can reduce the matrix A=[(1,2,3),(2,4,7),(3,6,10)] into echelon form using following elementary row transformation. (i) R_2 to R_2 -2R_1 and R_3 to R_3 -3R_1 [(1,2,3),(0,0,1),(0,0,1)] (ii) R_2 to R_2 -2R_1 [(1,2,3),(0,0,1),(0,0,0)] This is the echelon form of matrix A Number of nonzero rows in the echelon form =2 rArr Rank of the matrix A is 2 Rank of the matrix [(1,1,1,-1),(1,2,4,4),(3,4,5,2)] is :

Elementary Transformation of a matrix: The following operation on a matrix are called elementary operations (transformations) 1. The interchange of any two rows (or columns) 2. The multiplication of the elements of any row (or column) by any nonzero number 3. The addition to the elements of any row (or column) the corresponding elements of any other row (or column) multiplied by any number Echelon Form of matrix : A matrix A is said to be in echelon form if (i) every row of A which has all its elements 0, occurs below row, which has a non-zero elements (ii) the first non-zero element in each non –zero row is 1. (iii) The number of zeros before the first non zero elements in a row is less than the number of such zeros in the next now. [ A row of a matrix is said to be a zero row if all its elements are zero] Note: Rank of a matrix does not change by application of any elementary operations For example [(1,1,3),(0,1,2),(0,0,0)],[(1,1,3,6),(0,1,2,2),(0,0,0,0)] are echelon forms The number of non-zero rows in the echelon form of a matrix is defined as its RANK. For example we can reduce the matrix A=[(1,2,3),(2,4,7),(3,6,10)] into echelon form using following elementary row transformation. (i) R_2 to R_2 -2R_1 and R_3 to R_3 -3R_1 [(1,2,3),(0,0,1),(0,0,1)] (ii) R_2 to R_2 -2R_1 [(1,2,3),(0,0,1),(0,0,0)] This is the echelon form of matrix A Number of nonzero rows in the echelon form =2 rArr Rank of the matrix A is 2 Rank of the matrix [(1,1,1),(1,-1,-1),(3,1,1)] is :

Elementary Transformation of a matrix: The following operation on a matrix are called elementary operations (transformations) 1. The interchange of any two rows (or columns) 2. The multiplication of the elements of any row (or column) by any nonzero number 3. The addition to the elements of any row (or column) the corresponding elements of any other row (or column) multiplied by any number Echelon Form of matrix : A matrix A is said to be in echelon form if (i) every row of A which has all its elements 0, occurs below row, which has a non-zero elements (ii) the first non-zero element in each non –zero row is 1. (iii) The number of zeros before the first non zero elements in a row is less than the number of such zeros in the next now. [ A row of a matrix is said to be a zero row if all its elements are zero] Note: Rank of a matrix does not change by application of any elementary operations For example [(1,1,3),(0,1,2),(0,0,0)],[(1,1,3,6),(0,1,2,2),(0,0,0,0)] are echelon forms The number of non-zero rows in the echelon form of a matrix is defined as its RANK. For example we can reduce the matrix A=[(1,2,3),(2,4,7),(3,6,10)] into echelon form using following elementary row transformation. (i) R_2 to R_2 -2R_1 and R_3 to R_3 -3R_1 [(1,2,3),(0,0,1),(0,0,1)] (ii) R_2 to R_2 -2R_1 [(1,2,3),(0,0,1),(0,0,0)] This is the echelon form of matrix A Number of nonzero rows in the echelon form =2 rArr Rank of the matrix A is 2 The echelon form of the matrix [(1,3,4,3),(3,9,12,9),(1,3,4,1)] is :

Collision cross-section is an area of an imaginary sphere of radius sigma around the molecule within which the centre of another molecule cannot penetrate. The volume swept by a single molecule in unit time is V=(pisigma^(2))overline(u) where overline(u) is the average speed If N^(**) is the number of molecules per unit volume, then the number of molecules within the volume V is N=VN^(**)=(pisigma^(2)overline(u))N^(**) Hence, the number of collision made by a single molecule in unit time will be Z=N=(pi sigma^(2)overline(u))N^(**) In order to account for the movements of all molecules, we must consider the average velocity along the line of centres of two coliding molecules instead of the average velocity of a single molecule . If it is assumed that, on an average, molecules collide while approaching each other perpendicularly, then the average velocity along their centres is sqrt(2)overline(u) as shown below. Number of collision made by a single molecule with other molecule per unit time is given by Z_(1)=pisigma^(2)(overline(u)_("rel"))N^(**)=sqrt(2) pisigma^(2)overline(u)N^(**) The total number of bimolecular collisions Z_(11) per unit volume per unit time is given by Z_(11)=(1)/(2)(Z_(1)N^(**))"or" Z_(11)=(1)/(2)(sqrt(2)pisigma^(2)overline(u)N^(**))N^(**)=(1)/(sqrt(2))pisigma^(2)overline(u)N^(**2) If the collsion involve two unlike molecules then the number of collisions Z_(12) per unit volume per unit time is given as Z_(12)= pisigma _(12)^(2)(sqrt((8kT)/(pimu)))N_(1)N_(2) where N_(1) and N_(2) are the number of molecules per unit volume of the two types of molecules, sigma_(12) is the average diameter of the two molecules and mu is the reduced mass. The mean free path is the average distance travelled by a molecule between two successive collisions. We can express it as follows : lambda=("Average distance travelled per unit time")/("NO. of collisions made by a single molecule per unit time")=(overline(u))/(Z_(1)) "or "lambda=(overline(u))/(sqrt(2)pisigma^(2)overline(u)N^(**))implies(1)/(sqrt(2)pisigma^(2)overline(u)N^(**)) Three ideal gas samples in separate equal volume containers are taken and following data is given : {:(" ","Pressure","Temperature","Mean free paths","Mol.wt."),("Gas A",1atm,1600K,0.16nm,20),("Gas B",2atm,200K,0.16nm,40),("Gas C",4atm,400K,0.04nm,80):} Calculate ratio of collision frequencies (Z_(11)) (A:B:C) of following for the three gases.

Collision cross-section is an area of an imaginary sphere of radius sigma around the molecule within which the centre of another molecule cannot penetrate. The volume swept by a single molecule in unit time is V=(pisigma^(2))overline(u) where overline(u) is the average speed If N^(**) is the number of molecules per unit volume, then the number of molecules within the volume V is N=VN^(**)=(pisigma^(2)overline(u))N^(**) Hence, the number of collision made by a single molecule in unit time will be Z=N=(pi sigma^(2)overline(u))N^(**) In order to account for the movements of all molecules, we must consider the average velocity along the line of centres of two coliding molecules instead of the average velocity of a single molecule . If it is assumed that, on an average, molecules collide while approaching each other perpendicularly, then the average velocity along their centres is sqrt(2)overline(u) as shown below. Number of collision made by a single molecule with other molecule per unit time is given by Z_(1)=pisigma^(2)(overline(u)_("rel"))N^(**)=sqrt(2) pisigma^(2)overline(u)N^(**) The total number of bimolecular collisions Z_(11) per unit volume per unit time is given by Z_(11)=(1)/(2)(Z_(1)N^(**))"or" Z_(11)=(1)/(2)(sqrt(2)pisigma^(2)overline(u)N^(**))N^(**)=(1)/(sqrt(2))pisigma^(2)overline(u)N^(**2) If the collsion involve two unlike molecules then the number of collisions Z_(12) per unit volume per unit time is given as Z_(12)= pisigma _(12)^(2)(sqrt((8kT)/(pimu)))N_(1)N_(2) where N_(1) and N_(2) are the number of molecules per unit volume of the two types of molecules, sigma_(12) is the average diameter of the two molecules and mu is the reduced mass. The mean free path is the average distance travelled by a molecule between two successive collisions. We can express it as follows : lambda=("Average distance travelled per unit time")/("NO. of collisions made by a single molecule per unit time")=(overline(u))/(Z_(1)) "or "lambda=(overline(u))/(sqrt(2)pisigma^(2)overline(u)N^(**))implies(1)/(sqrt(2)pisigma^(2)overline(u)N^(**)) For a given gas the mean free path at a particular pressure is :

TRUEMEN BIOLOGY ENGLISH-Genetics-ASSERTION AND REASON
  1. [A]: Vectors carry the foreign DNA/gene into the host cell. [R]: Pl...

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  2. [A]: The series of enzyme controlled reactions determine traits in an ...

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  3. [A]: Raphanobrassica is an excellent example of allotertraploidy. [...

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  4. [A]: Plasmids are double .stranded extra chromosomal DNA. [R]: Plas...

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  5. Assertion (A) : Adenine cannot pair with cytosine. Reason ® : Becaus...

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  6. [A]: The base ratio (A+T )/(G+C) is constant in a particular organism....

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  7. [A]: Drosophila is commonly used in the study of genetics. [R]: Becau...

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  8. [A]: When RH positive male marries RH negative woman the situation can...

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  9. [A]: Hershey and Chase experiment showed that protein is the genetic m...

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  10. [A]: The DNA fingerprinting relies on recombinant DNA technology and c...

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  11. [A]: Chromatid is one of a pair of replicated chromosomes found during...

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  12. [A]: For a recipient to receive blood from a donor, the recipient's pl...

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  13. [A]: Lampbrush chromosomes are found in the oocytes of certain animals...

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  14. Assertion (a) : Supernumerary chromosomes do not usually have any eff...

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  15. [A]: The chromosomes of plants are larger than animals. [R]: The ch...

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  16. [A]: Metacentric chromosomes are V- shaped. [R]: In these chromosom...

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  17. [A]: Chromosomes are divided into heterochromatin and euchromatin part...

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  18. [A]: Triplet code is a degenerate one. [R]: Explanation for degener...

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  19. Assertion : Identical twins are produced during two births , resulti...

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  20. [A]: Genetic engineering is the use of tech- nology to alter the genom...

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