[A]: According to Hardy-Weinburg law both gene frequencies and genotype frequencies will remain constant from generation to gen- eration in an infinitely large interbreeding population.
[R]: Alleles segregating in a population tend to establish an equilibrium with reference to each other, thus maintain both frequencies constant.

Options

A. If both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
B. If both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A
C. If A is true and R is false
D. If both A and R are false

Answer

**Step-by-Step Solution:**

1. **Understanding the Hardy-Weinberg Law:**
The Hardy-Weinberg law states that in an infinitely large interbreeding population, both gene frequencies (allelic frequencies) and genotype frequencies will remain constant from generation to generation.

2. **Conditions for Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium:**
For the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium to hold true, several conditions must be met:
- **No Genetic Drift:** The population must be large enough to prevent random changes in allele frequencies.
- **No Mutations:** There should be no new alleles introduced into the population through mutations.
- **Random Mating:** Individuals must mate randomly, without preference for genotype.
- **No Natural Selection:** All genotypes must have equal chances of survival and reproduction.

3. **Equilibrium of Alleles:**
The statement also mentions that alleles segregating in a population tend to establish an equilibrium with reference to each other. This means that as alleles are passed on to the next generation, their frequencies remain stable if the above conditions are met.

4. **Example of Allelic Segregation:**
For example, consider a gene that has two alleles: one for tallness (T) and one for dwarfness (t). During gamete formation, these alleles segregate, meaning they are separated into different gametes. If the population is large and meets the Hardy-Weinberg conditions, the ratio of T to t will remain constant across generations.

5. **Conclusion:**
Therefore, both gene frequencies and genotype frequencies will remain constant from generation to generation in a population that meets the Hardy-Weinberg criteria. This is because the segregation of alleles maintains an equilibrium, ensuring that the frequencies of the alleles do not change over time.

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