Which of the following organelles is related to genetic engineering? (A) Plastids (B) Plasmids (C) Mutations (D) Hybrid vigour

Options

A. Plaastids
B. Plasmids
C. Mutations
D. Hybrid vigour

Answer

To solve the question "Which of the following organelles is related to genetic engineering?" we will analyze each option provided:

1. **Understanding Genetic Engineering**:
- Genetic engineering involves the manipulation of an organism's genes using techniques such as recombinant DNA (rDNA) technology. This process often requires specific tools or components that can facilitate the modification and transfer of genetic material.

2. **Analyzing the Options**:
- **(A) Plastids**:
- Plastids are membrane-bound organelles found in plant cells, responsible for functions such as photosynthesis and storage of products. They are not directly involved in genetic engineering.
- **(B) Plasmids**:
- Plasmids are small, circular, extra-chromosomal DNA molecules found primarily in bacteria. They can replicate independently of chromosomal DNA and are commonly used in genetic engineering to clone genes, produce proteins, or create genetically modified organisms.
- **(C) Mutations**:
- Mutations refer to changes in the DNA sequence. While they can be a result of genetic engineering, they are not organelles and do not directly relate to the tools used in the process.
- **(D) Hybrid Vigor**:
- Hybrid vigor refers to the phenomenon where crossbred individuals exhibit superior qualities compared to their parents. This concept is related to breeding rather than genetic engineering and does not involve specific organelles.

3. **Conclusion**:
- Among the options, **(B) Plasmids** are the only organelles that are directly related to genetic engineering. They serve as vectors in the process of gene cloning and manipulation.

Thus, the correct answer is **(B) Plasmids**.