All of the following are included in 'Ex-situ conservation' except

Options

A. Seed banks
B. Botanical gardens
C. Sacred gorves
D. Wildlife safari parks

Answer

**Step-by-Step Solution:**

1. **Understanding Ex-situ Conservation**: Ex-situ conservation refers to the conservation of species outside their natural habitats. This can include various methods such as maintaining species in zoos, botanical gardens, seed banks, and wildlife safari parks.

2. **Identifying the Options**: The question provides several options:
- Seed bank
- Botanical gardens
- Sacred groves
- Wildlife safari parks

3. **Analyzing Each Option**:
- **Seed Bank**: This is a facility where seeds are stored to preserve genetic diversity. This is a form of ex-situ conservation.
- **Botanical Gardens**: These are gardens dedicated to the collection, cultivation, and display of a wide range of plants. They also serve as ex-situ conservation sites.
- **Wildlife Safari Parks**: These are areas where animals are kept in a naturalistic environment but outside their original habitats, thus also representing ex-situ conservation.
- **Sacred Groves**: These are areas of land that are protected due to their cultural, spiritual, or religious significance. They are preserved in their natural habitat and are not a form of ex-situ conservation.

4. **Conclusion**: Among the options provided, the one that is not included in ex-situ conservation is the **sacred groves**, as they are preserved in their natural habitat due to cultural beliefs.

**Final Answer**: Sacred groves are not included in ex-situ conservation.

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