Explain phenomenon of superconductivity.

Explain the phenomenon of induction.

State the applications of superconductivity.

Read the following paragraph and answer the questions given below it: The resistance of a metal falls when cooled below room temperature. Many scientists believed that the value of the resistance would become constant at some very low temperature, allowing the current to flow with little or no resistance. H. K. Onnes successfully liquefied helium in 1908 by cooling it to about 4 K. In 1911, while investigating the electrical property of very pure mercury. Onnes discovered that at a temperature of 4.2 kelvin, its resistance practically vanished. This new state, on account of its extraordinary property, is now called the superconducting state and the phenomenon is called superconductivity. A superconductor, below a certain critical temperature, offers almost zero resistance to a flow of current through it. Onnes also discovered that a superconductor exhibits persistent current: once set up, the current continues to flow for a very long time without an electric potential difference driving it and without significant loss. Superconductivity is used in many diverse areas, such as magnetically levitated trains, transmission of electricity, increasing speed of computers, in MRI (magnetic resonance imaging). Name any two applications of super-conductivity.

Explain the phenomenon of photoelectric effect. Define threshold frequency.

Explain the phenomenon of diffraction of light.

Explain briefly the phenomenon of transduction.

Explain the process

When a gas is heated its temperature increases. Explain this phenomenon based on kinetic theory of gases.

Read the following paragraph and answer the questions given below it: The resistance of a metal falls when cooled below room temperature. Many scientists believed that the value of the resistance would become constant at some very low temperature, allowing the current to flow with little or no resistance. H. K. Onnes successfully liquefied helium in 1908 by cooling it to about 4 K. In 1911, while investigating the electrical property of very pure mercury. Onnes discovered that at a temperature of 4.2 kelvin, its resistance practically vanished. This new state, on account of its extraordinary property, is now called the superconducting state and the phenomenon is called superconductivity. A superconductor, below a certain critical temperature, offers almost zero resistance to a flow of current through it. Onnes also discovered that a superconductor exhibits persistent current: once set up, the current continues to flow for a very long time without an electric potential difference driving it and without significant loss. Superconductivity is used in many diverse areas, such as magnetically levitated trains, transmission of electricity, increasing speed of computers, in MRI (magnetic resonance imaging). Name the scientist who discovered superconductivity.

Explain the Pathogen.