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(i) "Covalent compounds have low melting...

(i) "Covalent compounds have low melting and boiling points". Justify this statement.
(ii) What is an ester ? Describe an activity to form an ester in a school laboratory.

Text Solution

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(i) The force of attraction between the molecules of covalent compounds are not strong as ionic compounds. So, they have low melting and low boiling points.
(ii) Esters are organic compounds which have sweet smell.
Activity:
Aim: To demonstrate esterification process using ethanol and acetic acid.
Materials Required : Beakers, water, test-tube, ethanol, ethanoic acid, conc. `H_(2)SO_(4)`.

Procedure:
(a) Take 2 ml of ethanol in a test-tube.
(b) Add 2 ml of ethanoic acid into it.
(c) Add few drops of conc. `H_(2)SO_(4)`
(d) Warm it in a beaker containing water.
(e) Observe the smell of the products formed.
Observation : Pleasant fruity smelling compound (called ester) is formed.
Chemical Reaction :

Conclusion: Carboxylic acid reacts with alcohol in presence of conc. `H_(2)SO_(4)` which act as a dehydrating agent to from esters.
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