Out of dia, para and ferromagnetism, the universal property of all substances is

Options

A. diamagnetism
B. ferro magnesium
C. paramagnetic
D. all of these

Answer

To solve the question regarding the universal property of all substances among diamagnetism, paramagnetism, and ferromagnetism, we can follow these steps:

### Step 1: Understand the Types of Magnetism
- **Diamagnetism**: This is a property of all materials. It is characterized by a very weak repulsion from a magnetic field. It occurs due to the orbital motion of electrons in atoms, which creates a small induced magnetic field in the opposite direction to the applied magnetic field.
- **Paramagnetism**: This property is found in materials that have unpaired electrons. These materials are weakly attracted by a magnetic field. However, this property is not universal; it only occurs in certain materials.
- **Ferromagnetism**: This is a stronger form of magnetism found in materials like iron, cobalt, and nickel. Ferromagnetic materials can retain their magnetic properties even after the external magnetic field is removed. Like paramagnetism, it is not a universal property.

### Step 2: Identify the Universal Property
From the definitions:
- Since diamagnetism occurs in all materials (even in those that are primarily paramagnetic or ferromagnetic), it is the only property that can be considered universal.

### Step 3: Conclusion
Based on the above understanding, we can conclude that the universal property of all substances is **diamagnetism**.

### Final Answer
The correct option is **A) Diamagnetism**.

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