The Rutherford charge experiment proves than an atom consists of

Options

A. a sphere of positive charge in which electrons are embedded like seeds of water-melon
B. a sphere of negagtive charge in which protons are emebedded like seeds of water -melon
C. a shpere of electrons cloud in which the positive charge is placed at the centre of the sphere
D. a shpere of meutral charge

Explanation

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding the Experiment**:
- Rutherford conducted an experiment where he directed alpha particles at a thin foil of gold. This setup was crucial to understanding the atomic structure.

2. **Observations**:
- Most of the alpha particles passed through the gold foil without any deflection. This indicated that the majority of the atom is empty space.
- A small number of alpha particles were deflected at small angles, suggesting the presence of a small, positively charged area within the atom.
- A very few alpha particles (about 1 in 10,000) were deflected back at angles close to 180 degrees, indicating a very dense and positively charged center.

3. **Conclusion**:
- From these observations, Rutherford concluded that atoms consist of a small, dense nucleus that contains most of the atom's mass and all of its positive charge. The nucleus is surrounded by a cloud of electrons.

4. **Rutherford's Model**:
- The Rutherford model of the atom states that the atom consists of a nucleus (which contains protons and neutrons) surrounded by electrons that orbit around the nucleus. The nucleus is very small compared to the overall size of the atom.

5. **Final Statement**:
- Therefore, the Rutherford charge experiment proves that an atom consists of a nucleus containing positive charge at its center, with electrons surrounding it.

### Answer:
The Rutherford charge experiment proves that an atom consists of a nucleus with positive charge concentrated at the center, surrounded by electrons.

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