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Two core techniques that enabled birth o...

Two core techniques that enabled birth of modern biotechnology. Identify and explain these two core techniques.

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(i) Genetic engineering - Techniques to alter the chemistry of genetic material (RNA and DNA) to introduce these into host organisms and thus change the phenotype of the host organism.
Maintenance of sterile ambiance in chemical engineering processes to enable growth of only the desired microbe in large quantities for the manufacture of iotechnological products lke aritibiotics, vaccines, enzymes, etc.
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