DNA is a hydrophilic molecule, it cannot pass through cell membrane. In order to force bacteria to take up the plasmid, the bacterial cells must be made competent to take up DNA. Write the procedure for making the cell competent?

Explanation

Treating host with a specific concentration of a divalent cation such as calcium.
Which increases the efficiency with which DNA enters the bacterium through pores in its cell wall.
Recombinant DNA can then be forced into such cells by incubating the cells with recombinant DNA on ice followed by placing them briefly at `42^@`C (heat shock).
Then putting them back on ice. this enables the bacteria to take up the recombinant DNA.