Explain the law of independent assortment with reference to seed shape and seed colour in garden tea plant.

Explanation

The law states that when two pairs of traits are combined in a hybrid, segregation of one pair of characters is independent of the other pair of characters.
Mendel worked with pea plants by considering two characters, shape and colour of seed.
In the dihybrid cross the phenotypes round yellow, wrinkled yellow, round green and wrinkled green appeared in the ratio 9:3:3:1
The Punett square can be used to understand the independent segregation of the two pairs of genes during meiosis and the production of eggs and pollen in the FI RrYy plant.
Consider the segregation of one pair of genes R and r, 50percent of the gametes have the gene R and the other 50 percent have r. The segregation of S0percent R and 50 Percent r is independent from the segregation of 50 percent Y and 50 percent y. Therefore 50 percent of the r bearing gametes has Y and the other 50 percent has y.
Thus there are four genotypes of gametes. The four types are RY, Ry, rY and ry each with a frequency of 25 percent. Selfing leads to phenotypic ratio.
`{:("Round yellow : Round green : wrinkled yellow : wrinkled green"),(" 9 : 3 : 3 : 1"):}`