Flower is a modified condensed reproductive shoot. Justify.

Glumes are modified

Statement 1 : Flower is a highly condensed shoot for reproductive purpose. Statement 2 : A complete flower possess four whorls.

Assertion : An angiospermous flower represents the modified condensed shoot which performs the function of sexual reproduction. Reason : The fertile leaves of the shoot become modified into microsporophylls and megasporophylls which bear ovules and anthers respectively.

Flower with its sexual reproductive organs

Assertion (A) : Self - pollination is certain in cleistogamous flowers. Reason (R) : Flowers never open and not expose reproductive organs.

A phyllode is a modified _____