Which of the following living phenomenon is absent in viruses?

Options

A. Mutation
B. Replication
C. Production of energy
D. None of these

Explanation

To determine which living phenomenon is absent in viruses, we can analyze the options provided: mutation, replication, production of energy, and none of these.

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding Viruses**:
- Viruses are unique entities that require a host to survive and reproduce. They cannot carry out metabolic processes independently.

2. **Analyzing the Options**:
- **Mutation**: Viruses can undergo mutations. This is a process where their genetic material changes, allowing them to adapt to new environments or hosts.
- **Replication**: Viruses can replicate, but they do so only within a host cell. They hijack the host's cellular machinery to produce copies of themselves.
- **Production of Energy**: Viruses do not have the cellular machinery to produce energy. They rely entirely on the host's metabolic processes to obtain energy.
- **None of These**: This option implies that all listed phenomena are present in viruses, which is not the case.

3. **Conclusion**:
- The phenomenon that is absent in viruses is **production of energy**. They do not generate energy independently and must depend on their host for energy.

### Final Answer:
The correct answer is **production of energy**.

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