The system of plant classification proposed by Carolus Linnaeus was artificial because :
(a) he was not a naturalist
(b) his classification was based on similarities and differences in floral and other morphological characters only
(c) his classification was based on evolutionary relationships
(d) he took into account the physiological relationships along with morphological observations

Options

A. he was not a naturalist
B. his classification was based on similarities and differences in floral and other morphological characters only
C. his classification was based on evolutionary relationships
D. he took into account the physiological relationships along with morphological observations

Explanation

To determine why the system of plant classification proposed by Carolus Linnaeus was considered artificial, let's analyze the options provided step by step.

### Step 1: Understanding Linnaeus's Classification System
Linnaeus, a Swedish botanist, developed a classification system that primarily focused on observable characteristics of plants. This system categorized plants based on their floral structures and other morphological traits.

### Step 2: Evaluating the Options
- **Option (a)**: "He was not a naturalist."
This statement is incorrect. Linnaeus was indeed a naturalist, and his work was grounded in the study of nature.

- **Option (b)**: "His classification was based on similarities and differences in floral and other morphological characters only."
This option accurately describes Linnaeus's approach. His classification system relied heavily on observable traits, which is a key reason it is considered artificial. It did not take into account evolutionary relationships.

- **Option (c)**: "His classification was based on evolutionary relationships."
This statement is false. Linnaeus's system did not incorporate evolutionary relationships, which is a hallmark of modern classification systems.

- **Option (d)**: "He took into account the physiological relationships along with morphological observations."
This is also incorrect. Linnaeus's classification did not consider physiological relationships; it was primarily morphological.

### Step 3: Conclusion
Based on the analysis, the correct answer is **(b)**: "His classification was based on similarities and differences in floral and other morphological characters only." This reliance on superficial traits without considering evolutionary connections is what made Linnaeus's system artificial.

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