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Surface appendages used by bacteria to a...

Surface appendages used by bacteria to attach to one another and to host organisms are called :

A

thylakoids

B

mesosomes

C

pili

D

spirilla

Text Solution

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**Step-by-Step Solution:** 1. **Understanding the Question**: The question asks for the name of the surface appendages used by bacteria to attach to one another and to host organisms. 2. **Identifying the Structures**: The surface appendages in question are known as Pili (or Fimbrae). These structures are crucial for bacterial attachment. 3. **Function of Pili**: Pili are protein structures that extend from the bacterial cell envelope. They help bacteria attach to surfaces, including other bacterial cells and host tissues. 4. **Structure of Pili**: Pili are constructed from proteins called pilin, which are arranged in a helical formation to form a cylindrical structure. 5. **Types of Pili**: There are two main types of pili: - **Common Pili**: These are involved in the attachment of bacterial cells to substrates. - **Sex Pili**: These are involved in the process of conjugation, which is the transfer of genetic material between bacterial cells. 6. **Distinguishing Between Pili and Fimbrae**: - **Fimbrae**: These are shorter, bristle-like fibers that help in attachment. - **Pili**: These are longer, hair-like structures that play a role in both attachment and genetic exchange. 7. **Conclusion**: The surface appendages used by bacteria to attach to one another and to host organisms are called Pili or Fimbrae. **Final Answer**: Pili or Fimbrae. ---
**Step-by-Step Solution:** 1. **Understanding the Question**: The question asks for the name of the surface appendages used by bacteria to attach to one another and to host organisms. 2. **Identifying the Structures**: The surface appendages in question are known as Pili (or Fimbrae). These structures are crucial for bacterial attachment. 3. **Function of Pili**: Pili are protein structures that extend from the bacterial cell envelope. They help bacteria attach to surfaces, including other bacterial cells and host tissues. ...
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