The chromosomes of dinoflagellates differ from all other organisms in that they lack ..... ..... and are permanently .......

Explanation

**Step-by-Step Solution:**

1. **Understanding Dinoflagellates**: Begin by recognizing that dinoflagellates are a unique group of eukaryotic algae found in both freshwater and marine environments. They play significant ecological roles, including causing phenomena like red tides.

2. **Chromosomal Structure**: Investigate the structure of chromosomes in dinoflagellates. Unlike most eukaryotic organisms, which have chromosomes that are organized with histones (proteins that help package DNA), dinoflagellates exhibit a distinct chromosomal structure.

3. **Lack of Histones**: Identify that the chromosomes of dinoflagellates lack histones entirely. This is a key difference from the chromosomes of other eukaryotes, which typically have histones that assist in the organization and regulation of DNA.

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