What is stomatal apparatus? Explain the structure of stomata with a labelled diagram.

Explanation

**Step-by-Step Text Solution:**

1. **Definition of Stomatal Apparatus:**
The stomatal apparatus is a structure found in the epidermis of leaves, primarily responsible for gas exchange and transpiration. It consists of a pair of guard cells and may include surrounding subsidiary cells.

2. **Components of Stomatal Apparatus:**
- **Stoma (plural: stomata):** This is the small opening or pore located in the epidermis of the leaf. It allows for the exchange of gases (like oxygen and carbon dioxide) and is crucial for the process of transpiration.
- **Guard Cells:** These are specialized cells that surround the stomatal pore. They are typically bean-shaped in dicots and dumbbell-shaped in monocots. The guard cells regulate the opening and closing of the stomata, thereby controlling gas exchange and water loss.
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