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If Pr stands for "^rPr, then the value o...

If `P_r` stands for `"^rP_r`, then the value of
`1+1.P_1 +2.P_2+3.P_3+....+n.P_n` is :

A

`(n-1)!/2`

B

`(n+1)!/2`

C

`2(n-1)!`

D

`(n+1)!`

Text Solution

AI Generated Solution

The correct Answer is:
To solve the problem, we need to evaluate the expression: \[ S = 1 + 1 \cdot P_1 + 2 \cdot P_2 + 3 \cdot P_3 + \ldots + n \cdot P_n \] where \( P_r \) is defined as \( r! \) (the factorial of \( r \)). ### Step-by-Step Solution: 1. **Understanding \( P_r \)**: \[ P_r = r! \] Therefore, we can rewrite the expression \( S \) as: \[ S = 1 + 1 \cdot 1! + 2 \cdot 2! + 3 \cdot 3! + \ldots + n \cdot n! \] 2. **Expanding the Terms**: The expression can be expanded as follows: \[ S = 1 + 1 + 2 \cdot 2 + 3 \cdot 6 + 4 \cdot 24 + \ldots + n \cdot n! \] 3. **Rewriting Each Term**: Notice that \( k \cdot k! = (k + 1)! - k! \). This means: \[ k \cdot k! = (k + 1)! - k! \] Thus, we can rewrite the sum: \[ S = 1 + \sum_{k=1}^{n} ((k + 1)! - k!) \] 4. **Simplifying the Sum**: The sum can be simplified: \[ S = 1 + \left( (2! - 1!) + (3! - 2!) + (4! - 3!) + \ldots + ((n + 1)! - n!) \right) \] Notice that this is a telescoping series, where most terms cancel out: \[ S = 1 + (n + 1)! - 1! \] Since \( 1! = 1 \), we have: \[ S = (n + 1)! + 1 - 1 = (n + 1)! \] 5. **Final Result**: Therefore, the final value of the expression is: \[ S = (n + 1)! \] ### Conclusion: The value of \( 1 + 1 \cdot P_1 + 2 \cdot P_2 + 3 \cdot P_3 + \ldots + n \cdot P_n \) is \( (n + 1)! \).
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