Which of the following are monoecious plants ?
(a) Sphagnum (b) Marchantia
(c) Funaria (d) Pinus

Options

A. Only a & b
B. Only b & c
C. a, c & d
D. Only c & d

Answer

To determine which of the given plants are monoecious, we need to understand what monoecious means and then analyze each option accordingly.

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding Monoecious Plants**:
- Monoecious plants are those that have both male and female reproductive structures on the same individual. This means that a single plant can produce both pollen (male gametes) and ovules (female gametes), allowing for self-fertilization.

2. **Analyzing the Options**:
- **(a) Sphagnum**: This is a type of moss that is dioecious, meaning it has separate male and female plants. Therefore, it is not monoecious.
- **(b) Marchantia**: This is a liverwort and is also dioecious, with distinct male and female thalli. Thus, it is not monoecious.
- **(c) Funaria**: This is a type of moss that is monoecious, having both male and female reproductive structures on the same plant. Therefore, it is monoecious.
- **(d) Pinus**: This is a genus of coniferous trees that are also monoecious, as they have both male cones (producing pollen) and female cones (producing seeds) on the same tree.

3. **Conclusion**:
- From the analysis, the plants that are monoecious from the given options are **(c) Funaria** and **(d) Pinus**.

### Final Answer:
The monoecious plants among the options are **(c) Funaria** and **(d) Pinus**.

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