In `C_(4)` plants there is no photorespiration because :

Options

A. The have large number of chloroplast
B. increased `CO_(2)` concentration in mesophyll cell
C. Spatial differentiation between `O_(2)` & RuBisCO
D. Greater affinity of RuBisCO for `CO_(2)`

Answer

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding Photorespiration**:
- Photorespiration is a process that occurs when the enzyme Rubisco (Ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase) binds to oxygen instead of carbon dioxide, leading to the production of a wasteful byproduct. This process is inefficient for plants as it does not contribute to the production of glucose.

2. **C4 Plant Mechanism**:
- C4 plants have a unique mechanism to minimize photorespiration. They possess a specialized anatomy known as "Kranz anatomy," which includes two types of cells: mesophyll cells and bundle sheath cells.

3. **Role of Mesophyll Cells**:
- In C4 plants, carbon dioxide is initially fixed in the mesophyll cells, where it combines with phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to form a four-carbon compound (C4 acid). This process is facilitated by the enzyme PEP carboxylase, which has a higher affinity for carbon dioxide than Rubisco does.

4. **Transport to Bundle Sheath Cells**:
- The C4 acids produced in the mesophyll cells are then transported to the bundle sheath cells. Here, they are decarboxylated to release carbon dioxide.

5. **Increased CO2 Concentration**:
- The released carbon dioxide is concentrated in the bundle sheath cells, where Rubisco can efficiently fix it during the Calvin cycle, significantly reducing the chances of photorespiration.

6. **Conclusion**:
- Therefore, in C4 plants, the increased concentration of carbon dioxide in the bundle sheath cells ensures that Rubisco predominantly binds to carbon dioxide rather than oxygen, effectively preventing photorespiration.

### Final Answer:
In C4 plants, there is no photorespiration primarily because of the increased CO2 concentration in the mesophyll cells and the special differentiation between O2 and Rubisco.

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