Quantitative comparisions between growth of the living systems can be made by –

Options

A. Absolute growth rate
B. Relative growth rate
C. Exponential growth rate
D. Both (1) & (2)

Answer

To solve the question regarding how quantitative comparisons between the growth of living systems can be made, we will analyze the provided options step by step.

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding the Options**:
- The options provided are:
1. Absolute growth rate
2. Relative growth rate
3. Exponential growth rate
4. Both 1 and 2

2. **Defining Absolute Growth Rate**:
- Absolute growth rate refers to the total growth of an organism or system over a specific period of time. It is a measure of the total increase in size or mass without considering the initial size of the organism. This method is useful for comparing the total growth of two different living systems.

3. **Defining Relative Growth Rate**:
- Relative growth rate, on the other hand, measures the growth of an organism relative to its size. It is calculated as the increase in size or mass per unit of the existing size or mass over a specific time period. This method allows for comparisons between organisms of different sizes.

4. **Evaluating Exponential Growth Rate**:
- Exponential growth rate is typically used in the context of populations, where the growth rate is proportional to the current population size. This is not suitable for comparing the growth of individual living systems in a quantitative manner.

5. **Conclusion**:
- Since both absolute growth rate and relative growth rate are valid methods for making quantitative comparisons between the growth of living systems, the correct answer is option 4: Both 1 and 2.

### Final Answer:
Quantitative comparisons between the growth of living systems can be made by **both absolute growth rate and relative growth rate** (Option 4).

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