Ectopic pregnancy is prevented by :-

Options

A. Intact of zona pellucida
B. Ciliated columnar cells of fallopian tube
C. Pulsatile movement of fallopiantube
D. Both (1) and (2)

Answer

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding Ectopic Pregnancy**:
- Ectopic pregnancy occurs when a fertilized egg implants outside the uterus, most commonly in the fallopian tubes. This is a serious condition that can lead to complications.

2. **Role of Zona Pellucida**:
- The zona pellucida is a protective layer surrounding the ovum (egg). It plays a crucial role in ensuring that the fertilized egg can move properly towards the uterus. By maintaining the integrity of the zona pellucida, the chances of ectopic implantation are reduced.

3. **Function of Ciliated Columnar Cells**:
- The fallopian tubes are lined with ciliated columnar cells that help in the movement of the fertilized egg towards the uterus. These cilia create a current that guides the egg along the tube, preventing it from getting stuck and reducing the risk of ectopic pregnancy.

4. **Pulsatile Movement of Fallopian Tubes**:
- The fallopian tubes exhibit a pulsatile movement that aids in the transport of the fertilized egg to the uterus. This rhythmic contraction helps in ensuring that the egg does not remain in the fallopian tube, thereby minimizing the risk of ectopic pregnancy.

### Conclusion:
Ectopic pregnancy can be prevented by ensuring the integrity of the zona pellucida, the proper functioning of ciliated columnar cells in the fallopian tubes, and the pulsatile movement of the fallopian tubes.