Why insulin is not administered orally to diabetic patient ?

Options

A. It is bitter in taste
B. It is peptide & can be digested
C. It will lead to sudden decrease in blood sugar if given orally
D. It leads to peptic ulcer if given orally

Answer

**Step-by-Step Solution:**

1. **Understanding Insulin**: Insulin is a peptide hormone produced by the pancreas that regulates blood sugar levels. It is crucial for the metabolism of carbohydrates and fats.

2. **Mode of Administration**: Insulin is typically administered through injections rather than orally. This is because of its chemical nature as a peptide.

3. **Digestion of Peptides**: When insulin is taken orally, it enters the stomach where it is exposed to gastric acids and digestive enzymes. Being a peptide, insulin is susceptible to digestion.

4. **Breakdown of Insulin**: The digestive enzymes in the stomach and intestines will break down insulin into smaller peptides and amino acids, rendering it ineffective.

5. **Absorption Issues**: Since insulin is broken down before it can enter the bloodstream, no functional insulin reaches the circulation to help lower blood sugar levels.

6. **Conclusion**: Therefore, due to its peptide nature and susceptibility to digestion, insulin cannot be effectively administered orally to diabetic patients.