Two important processes in a cell, which take place outside the membrane bound organelles, are :

Options

A. enzyme synthesis and DNA replication
B. nucleotide synthesis and mutation
C. fatty acid synthesis and spindle assembly
D. glycolysis and photophosphorylation

Explanation

To answer the question regarding the two important processes in a cell that take place outside the membrane-bound organelles, we can follow these steps:

### Step 1: Understand the Question
The question asks for two processes that occur outside of membrane-bound organelles. This means we need to identify processes that happen in the cytoplasm or other non-membrane-bound structures.

**Hint:** Think about cellular processes that are known to occur in the cytoplasm or in structures like centrioles.

### Step 2: Review the Options
We have four pairs of processes to consider:
1. Enzyme synthesis and DNA replication
2. Nucleotide synthesis and mutation
3. Fatty acid synthesis and spindle assembly
4. Glycolysis and photophosphorylation

**Hint:** Recall where each of these processes typically occurs within the cell.

### Step 3: Analyze Each Option
- **Option 1:** Enzyme synthesis and DNA replication
- Enzyme synthesis generally occurs in ribosomes (which are not membrane-bound), but DNA replication occurs in the nucleus (a membrane-bound organelle).

- **Option 2:** Nucleotide synthesis and mutation
- Nucleotide synthesis occurs in the cytoplasm, but mutation is a process that can occur during DNA replication, which takes place in the nucleus.

- **Option 3:** Fatty acid synthesis and spindle assembly
- Fatty acid synthesis occurs in the cytoplasm and is not associated with membrane-bound organelles. Spindle assembly occurs in the centrioles, which are also not membrane-bound.

- **Option 4:** Glycolysis and photophosphorylation
- Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm, but photophosphorylation occurs in the thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts (a membrane-bound organelle).

**Hint:** Identify which of the processes listed in each option are known to take place outside of membrane-bound structures.

### Step 4: Identify the Correct Answer
From the analysis, we find that:
- **Fatty acid synthesis** occurs in the cytoplasm and is not associated with any membrane-bound organelle.
- **Spindle assembly** occurs in the centrioles, which are also not membrane-bound.

Thus, the correct answer is **fatty acid synthesis and spindle assembly**.

**Final Answer:** The two important processes in a cell that take place outside the membrane-bound organelles are **fatty acid synthesis and spindle assembly**.