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In a phospholipid bilayer, the :...

In a phospholipid bilayer, the :

A

phosphate groups are hydrophobic

B

fatty acid tails are hydrophilic

C

proteins are located only between the two layers

D

phosphate heads are oriented towards the exterior of the cell or toward the cytoplasm

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### Step-by-Step Solution: 1. **Understanding Phospholipid Bilayer**: - A phospholipid bilayer is a fundamental structure of cell membranes. It consists of two layers of phospholipids. 2. **Structure of Phospholipids**: - Each phospholipid molecule is composed of a glycerol backbone, two fatty acid tails, and a phosphate group. 3. **Hydrophilic and Hydrophobic Regions**: - The phosphate group is hydrophilic (water-attracting), while the fatty acid tails are hydrophobic (water-repelling). This dual nature makes phospholipids amphipathic. 4. **Orientation in the Bilayer**: - In the bilayer, the hydrophilic heads (phosphate groups) face outward towards the aqueous environment (extracellular fluid) and inward towards the cytoplasm, while the hydrophobic tails face each other, away from water. 5. **Conclusion**: - Therefore, in a phospholipid bilayer, the phosphate heads are oriented towards the exterior of the cell and towards the cytoplasm, while the fatty acid tails are oriented inward. ### Final Answer: The correct statement about a phospholipid bilayer is that the phosphate heads are oriented towards the exterior of the cell and towards the cytoplasm. ---
### Step-by-Step Solution: 1. **Understanding Phospholipid Bilayer**: - A phospholipid bilayer is a fundamental structure of cell membranes. It consists of two layers of phospholipids. 2. **Structure of Phospholipids**: - Each phospholipid molecule is composed of a glycerol backbone, two fatty acid tails, and a phosphate group. ...
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