With the help of suitable diagrams explain the detailed ultrastructure of a mitochondrion. How would you justify that mitochondria are genetically autonomous or atleast semiautonomous?

With the help of a diagram, describe how you would make an electromagnet.

Can you think of a situation where we deliberately want to make a species extinct? How would you justify it?

Can you think of situation where we deliberately went to make a species extinct? How would you justify it?

Using suitable diagram explain how sound wave propagates through air from a vibrating tuning fork?

(a) With the help of labelled diagram explain how will you refine impure copper. (b) What is anode mud ? (c) What are the important uses of copper metal ?

Answer the following: (a) With the help of a diagram , explain the principle and working of a moving coil galvanometer . (b) What is the importance of a radial magnetic field and how is it produced ? (c) Why is it while using a moving coil galvometer as a voltmeter a high resistance in series is required whereas in an ammeter a shunt is used ?

With the help of labelled diagram, state the underlying principle of a cylclotron. Explain clearly how it works to accelerate the charged particles to high energies. Show that cyclotron frequency is independent of energy of the particle. Is there an upper limit on the enregy acquired by the particle? Give reason.

State the working principle of potentiometer. With the help of the circuit diagram, explain how a potentiometer is used to compare the emf's of two primay cells. Obtain the required expression used for comparing the emfs. Write two possible causes for one sided deflection in a potentiometer experiment.

Draw the molecular orbital diagram of O_2 molecule. How would you explain the paramagnetic nature of the molecule on the basis of this diagram?

How would you explain the lower atomic radii of Ga as compared to Al ?