Assertion : The process of clotting can occur in absence of all cellular elements except platelets
Reason : Vitamin K is essential for blood clotting.

Assertion : Deficiency of vitamin B_(12) and folic acid can cause anaemia. Reason :- Vitamin B_(12) and folic acid are essential for maturation of RBC.

Define the following: The mineral element essential for the clotting of blood

Assertion: Platelets play an important role in blood clotting. Reason: In the blood oozing from an injury, the platelets disintegrate and release thromboplasm that initiates clotting.

In what organ are most of the clotting factors produced? What is the role of vitamin K in blood coagulation?

Consider a solution of CH_3COONH_4 which is a salt weak acid and weak base. The equilibrium involved in the solutions are : CH_3COO^(-)+H_2OhArrCH_3COOH+OH^(-) " ........"(i) NH_(4)^(+)+H_(2)hArrNH_(4)OH+H^(+)" ........"(ii) H^(+)+OH^(-)hArrH_(2)O" ........"(iii) If we add these reactions, then the net reaction is : CH_(3)COO^(-)+H_(2)^(+)+H_(2)OhArrCH_(3)COOH+NH_(4)OH" ........"(iv) Both CH_(3)COO^(-) and NH_(4)^(+) get hydrolysed independently and their hydrolysis depends on : (a) their initial concentration (b) The value of K_(h) which is (K_(w))/(K_(a)) for CH_(3)COO^(-) and (K_(w))/(K_(b)) for NH_(4)^(+) . Since both of the ions were produced form the salt, their initial concertration are same. Therefore, unless and until the value of (K_(w))/(K_(a)) or K_(a) and K_(b) is same, the degree of hydrogen of ions can't be same. To explain why we assume that degree of hydrolysis of cation and anion is same, we needed to now look at the third reaction i.e.,combination of H^(+) and OH^(-) ions. It is obvious that this reaction happens only because one reaction produced H^(+) ion and the other prodcued OH^(-) ions. We can also note that this reaction causes both the hydrolysis reaction to occur more since their product ions are being consumed. Keep this in mind that the equilibrium which has smaller value of the equilibrium constant is affected more by the common ion effect. For the same reason if for any reson a reaction is made to occur to a greater extent by the consumption of any of the prodcut ion, the reaction with the smaller value of equilibrium constant tends to get affected more. Therefore, we conclude that firstly the hydroylsis of both the ions occurs more in the presence of each other (due to consumption of the product ions) than in each other's absence. Secondly,the hydroylsis of the ion which occurs to a lesser extent (due to smaller value of K_(h)) is affected more than the one whole K_(h) is greater. Hence we can see that the degree of hydroylsis of both the ions would be close to each other when they are getting hyderolysed in the presence of each other. In the hydrolysis of salt weak acid and weak base :

Consider a solution of CH_3COONH_4 which is a salt weak acid and weak base. The equilibrium involved in the solutions are : CH_3COO^(-)+H_2OhArrCH_3COOH+OH^(-) " ........"(i) NH_(4)^(+)+H_(2)hArrNH_(4)OH+H^(+)" ........"(ii) H^(+)+OH^(-)hArrH_(2)O" ........"(iii) If we add these reactions, then the net reaction is : CH_(3)COO^(-)+H_(2)^(+)+H_(2)OhArrCH_(3)COOH+NH_(4)OH" ........"(iv) Both CH_(3)COO^(-) and NH_(4)^(+) get hydrolysed independently and their hydrolysis depends on : (a) their initial concentration (b) The value of K_(h) which is (K_(w))/(K_(a)) for CH_(3)COO^(-) and (K_(w))/(K_(b)) for NH_(4)^(+) . Since both of the ions were produced form the salt, their initial concertration are same. Therefore, unless and until the value of (K_(w))/(K_(a)) or K_(a) and K_(b) is same, the degree of hydrogen of ions can't be same. To explain why we assume that degree of hydrolysis of cation and anion is same, we needed to now look at the third reaction i.e.,combination of H^(+) and OH^(-) ions. It is obvious that this reaction happens only because one reaction produced H^(+) ion and the other prodcued OH^(-) ions. We can also note that this reaction causes both the hydrolysis reaction to occur more since their product ions are being consumed. Keep this in mind that the equilibrium which has smaller value of the equilibrium constant is affected more by the common ion effect. For the same reason if for any reson a reaction is made to occur to a greater extent by the consumption of any of the prodcut ion, the reaction with the smaller value of equilibrium constant tends to get affected more. Therefore, we conclude that firstly the hydroylsis of both the ions occurs more in the presence of each other (due to consumption of the product ions) than in each other's absence. Secondly,the hydroylsis of the ion which occurs to a lesser extent (due to smaller value of K_(h)) is affected more than the one whole K_(h) is greater. Hence we can see that the degree of hydroylsis of both the ions would be close to each other when they are getting hyderolysed in the presence of each other. For 0.1 M CH_3COONH_(4) salt solution given, K_(a)(CH_(3)COOH)=K_(b)(NH_(4)OH)=2xx10^(-5) . In the case : degree of hydrolysis of cation and anion are :

Which of the following cellular metabolic processes can occur both in the presence or absence of O_(2) ?

[A]: Prothrombin is necessory for blood clotting. , [R]: This is produced in pancreas in presence of vitamin K a) If both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A b) If both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A c) If A is true and R is false d) If both A and R are false

Read the following statements and select the correct option stating which one is true (T) and which one is false (F). ( A ) ABO grouping is based on the presence or absence of two surface antigens on leucocytes. ( B ) During first pregnancy there is least chance of occurrence of erythroblastosis foetalis due to Rh incompatibility. ( C ) During blood clotting, conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin occurs by action of enzyme thrombokinase. ( D ) All chordates prossess chambered, muscular, dorsal heart to pump blood throughout the body.

Assertion: The increase in internal energy (DeltaE) for the vaporisation of 1 mole of water at 1 atm and 373K is zero. Reason: For all isothermal processes DeltaE=0 .