" Which one is not a cause of development of proton gradient during chemiosmosis ? "

According to the chemiosmotic hypothesis of ATP formation in the chloroplast, which one does not contribute to the development of proton gradient across the thylakoid membrane?

Which one is developed in aves

How is proton gradient established ?

Which of the following does not cause the proton gradient, across the membrane ? (A) Reduction of NADP (B) Q - cycle (C) Spitting of water (D) Movement of electrons in the photosystem,

Which of the following is not required for chemiosmosis ?

Which of the following ions can cause coagulation of protons ?

Which one is developed in Aves?

Name of the place where acculmulation of protons occur during chemiosmosis in chloroplast and mitochondria respectively.

Which of the following is not a requirement of chemiosmosis ?