Camouflaging is a method adopted by prey to lessen effect of predation in animals.List out some mechanisms seen in plant species.

Read the following statements and find out the incorrect statements. a. In majority of organisms, male gamete is motile and female gamete is non-motile (stationary). b. In algae and fungi, both male and female gametes are non-motile. c. In seed plants, pollen grains are the carrier of male gametes and ovule has the egg. d. In dioecious plants, pollination facilitates transfer of pollen grains to the stigma. e. In monoecious animals, since male and female gametes are formed in different individuals, the or ganism must evolve special mechanism for gamete transfer.

Read the following statements carefully and select the appropriate option given below. (i) Reproduction is defined as a biological process in which an organism gives rise to the young ones (offspring) similar to itself. (ii) Adventitious buds arise from the notches present at margins of leaves of Bryophyllum. (iii) Asexual reproduction is common among single celled organisms, and in plants and animals with relatively simple organisations. (iv) A few plants exhibit unusual flowering phenomenon, some of them such as bamboo species flower only once in their life time, generally after 50-100 years. (v) The events of asexual reproduction though elaborate and complex, follow a regular sequence.

Read the following statements and find out the incorrect statements. a. Majority of flowering plants use a range of animals as pollinating agents. b. Bees, butterflies, flies, beetles, wasps, ants, moth, birds (sunbirds and humming birds) and bats are the common pollinating agents. c. Among the animals, insects particularly bees are the dominant biotic pollinating agents. d. Even larger animals such as some primates (lemurs), arboreal (tree dwelling) rodent, or even reptiles (gecko lizard and garden lizard) have also been reported as pollinators in some species. e. Often flowers of animal pollinated plants are specifically adapted for a particular species of animal.

No individual is immortal then it is wondering that vast number of plant and animal species have existed on earth for several thousands of years. There must be some processes in living organisms that ensure this continuity. This process is called