Photosynthetic organisms occur at different depths in the ocean. Do they receive qualitatively and' quantitatively the same light? How do they adapt to carry out photosynthesis under these conditions?

In tropica!rain- forests, the canopy is thick and shorter plants growing below it, receive filtered light. How are they able to carry out photosynthesis ?

Considering the fact that aquatic photosynthesis accounts for 90% of the total photosynthesis, explain how photosynthetic organisms living at different depths of the ocean are able to adapt to perform photosynthesis.

Answer the following Read the paragraph and answer the questions given below it. Food poisoning can occur due to contamination of food by various bacteria and fungi.Clostridia are bacteria responsible for spoilage of cooked food. There are around 100 species of this bacteria viz. Clostridium tetani, Clostridium botulinum, etc. that are present either free living in soil or the alimentary canal of humans and other animals. The bacteria are rod- shaped and produce pottle-shaped endospores in adverse environmental conditions. These microbes cannot withstand normal oxygen levels in air and grow under anaerobic conditions. Do you know about any rod-shaped, anaerobic micro-organism that is useful to humans?

The coutries which do not have oil reservatirs in their land import oil from other countries. But sometimes during transporting oil through sea routes, accidental oil spilling occurs. This oil spilled in the ocean may prove fatal and toxic to aquatic animals. Therefore, removel of this spilled oil is essential for protection of aquatic life. For removing this oil layer, certain microbes like Pseudomonas spp. and Alcanivarax borkumensis are used. These microbes have the ability to destroy the pyridines and other toxic chemicals. The hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria (HCB) are able to decompose the hydrocarbons and bring about the reaction carbon with oxygen resulting in formation of CO_(2) and water. Like oil spills cause damage to aquatic life, platic forms the major part of the grabage on land. Plastics are difficult to degrade as they are made up of PET. By research, various species like Vibrio and Idenoella sakaiensis which can degred PET.By research, various species like Vibrio and Ideonella sakaiensis which can degrade PET have been identified. There are cartain species of microbes which can decompose rubber from garbage. Based on the given paragraph answer the following question. How are aquatic organisms affected by oil spills in oceans ?

Read the paragraph and answer the questions given below : Reproduction is the process by which the living Species continues its existence. Lower organisms carry out asexual reproduction while higher plants and animals always show sexual reproduction. Plants reproduce asexually by methods such as fragmentation, vegetative propagation, budding, Spore formation. For sexual reproduction they form gametes. In animal kingdom, budding, fission of different types and parthenogenesis are some of the methods that do not require both the sexes. Though regeneration also forms new individual, it is not considered to be a reproductive process because. basically it is a repair process. The ability to regenerate is lost in higher phyla. In human beings it is restricted only to wound healing. Sexual reproduction is also undergoing lots of experimentation such as cloning which may make females capable of producing their own baby without intervention of any male. Answer the follolwing question. How do living species continue their existence?

Read the paragraph and answer the questions given below : Reproduction is the process by which the living Species continues its existence. Lower organisms carry out asexual reproduction while higher plants and animals always show sexual reproduction. Plants reproduce asexually by methods such as fragmentation, vegetative propagation, budding, Spore formation. For sexual reproduction they form gametes. In animal kingdom, budding, fission of different types and parthenogenesis are some of the methods that do not require both the sexes. Though regeneration also forms new individual, it is not considered to be a reproductive process because. basically it is a repair process. The ability to regenerate is lost in higher phyla. In human beings it is restricted only to wound healing. Sexual reproduction is also undergoing lots of experimentation such as cloning which may make females capable of producing their own baby without intervention of any male. Answer the follolwing question. What is the modern method of reproduction aimed at in higher organisms?

Read the paragraph and answer the questions given below : Reproduction is the process by which the living Species continues its existence. Lower organisms carry out asexual reproduction while higher plants and animals always show sexual reproduction. Plants reproduce asexually by methods such as fragmentation, vegetative propagation, budding, Spore formation. For sexual reproduction they form gametes. In animal kingdom, budding, fission of different types and parthenogenesis are some of the methods that do not require both the sexes. Though regeneration also forms new individual, it is not considered to be a reproductive process because. basically it is a repair process. The ability to regenerate is lost in higher phyla. In human beings it is restricted only to wound healing. Sexual reproduction is also undergoing lots of experimentation such as cloning which may make females capable of producing their own baby without intervention of any male. Answer the follolwing question. Which are asexual methods of reproduction in kingdom Animalia?

Read the paragraph and answer the questions given below : Reproduction is the process by which the living Species continues its existence. Lower organisms carry out asexual reproduction while higher plants and animals always show sexual reproduction. Plants reproduce asexually by methods such as fragmentation, vegetative propagation, budding, Spore formation. For sexual reproduction they form gametes. In animal kingdom, budding, fission of different types and parthenogenesis are some of the methods that do not require both the sexes. Though regeneration also forms new individual, it is not considered to be a reproductive process because. basically it is a repair process. The ability to regenerate is lost in higher phyla. In human beings it is restricted only to wound healing. Sexual reproduction is also undergoing lots of experimentation such as cloning which may make females capable of producing their own baby without intervention of any male. Answer the follolwing question. Why is regeneration not true method of reproduction?

Read the paragraph and answer the questions given below : Reproduction is the process by which the living Species continues its existence. Lower organisms carry out asexual reproduction while higher plants and animals always show sexual reproduction. Plants reproduce asexually by methods such as fragmentation, vegetative propagation, budding, Spore formation. For sexual reproduction they form gametes. In animal kingdom, budding, fission of different types and parthenogenesis are some of the methods that do not require both the sexes. Though regeneration also forms new individual, it is not considered to be a reproductive process because. basically it is a repair process. The ability to regenerate is lost in higher phyla. In human beings it is restricted only to wound healing. Sexual reproduction is also undergoing lots of experimentation such as cloning which may make females capable of producing their own baby without intervention of any male. Answer the follolwing question. What are methods of reproduction in plants?