The hydroxides and carbonates of sodium and potassium are easily soluble in water while the corresponding salts of magnesium and calcium are sparingly soluble in water. Explain.

Explanation

To explain why the hydroxides and carbonates of sodium (Na) and potassium (K) are easily soluble in water while the corresponding salts of magnesium (Mg) and calcium (Ca) are sparingly soluble, we can follow these steps:

### Step 1: Understand Solubility Factors
Solubility of ionic compounds in water depends on two main factors:
- **Lattice Energy (LE)**: The energy required to separate one mole of a solid ionic compound into its gaseous ions.
- **Hydration Energy (HE)**: The energy released when gaseous ions are surrounded by water molecules and become hydrated.

### Step 2: Compare Lattice Energy and Hydration Energy
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