Which one is true of mitosis?

Options

A. Chromosomes must have centromeres to move to opposite poles
B. All cells have a centrole, which anchors the spindle
C. Chromosomes double during anaphase
D. Four identical daughter cells are formed

Answer

To determine which statement is true about mitosis, let's analyze the characteristics and processes involved in mitosis step by step:

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding Mitosis**:
- Mitosis is a type of cell division that results in two daughter cells that are genetically identical to the parent cell. It is often referred to as equational division because the chromosome number remains the same before and after division.

2. **Chromosome Structure**:
- During mitosis, chromosomes must have a centromere, which is the region where two sister chromatids are joined. The centromere is crucial for the movement of chromosomes during cell division.

3. **Role of Spindle Fibers**:
- Spindle fibers, which are formed from centrioles, attach to the centromeres of the chromosomes. This attachment is essential for the proper separation of sister chromatids during anaphase.

4. **Phases of Mitosis**:
- Mitosis consists of several phases: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. During anaphase, the sister chromatids are pulled apart to opposite poles of the cell, but the number of chromosomes does not double; instead, each chromatid is considered a separate chromosome.

5. **Outcome of Mitosis**:
- At the end of mitosis, two identical daughter cells are formed, each with the same number of chromosomes as the original cell. In humans, for example, a diploid cell (46 chromosomes) divides to produce two diploid daughter cells (46 chromosomes each).

6. **Evaluating the Options**:
- **Option 1**: "Chromosomes must have centromere to move opposite poles." - This is true.
- **Option 2**: "Cells have centriole which anchor the spindle." - This is partially true, as animal cells have centrioles, but plant cells do not.
- **Option 3**: "Chromosomes double during anaphase." - This is false; chromosomes do not double during anaphase.
- **Option 4**: "Four identical daughter cells are formed." - This is false; mitosis produces two identical daughter cells.

### Conclusion:
The correct statement about mitosis is: **"Chromosomes must have centromere to move opposite poles."**