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Why does H3PO3 act as a reducing agent ...

Why does `H_3PO_3` act as a reducing agent but `H_3PO_4` does not?

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Oxidation state of P in `H_3PO_3` is +3 which is less than its maximum oxidation state of +5. Hence, it can act as a reducing agent. Oxidation state of phosphorus in `H_3PO_4` is +5 and cannot be increased further. Hence, `H_3PO_4` does not act as a reducing agent.
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