Which of the following conditions favours the existence of a substance in the solid state?

Options

A. High temperature
B. Low temperature
C. High thermal energy
D. Weak cohesive forces

Explanation

To determine which conditions favor the existence of a substance in the solid state, we will analyze each option provided in the question.

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **High Temperature**:
- High temperatures provide sufficient energy to particles, allowing them to overcome intermolecular forces. This generally leads to a transition from solid to liquid (melting) or from liquid to gas (vaporization).
- **Conclusion**: High temperature does not favor the solid state.

2. **Low Temperature**:
- Low temperatures reduce the kinetic energy of particles, allowing intermolecular forces to dominate. This leads to the formation of solids as particles are held closely together in a fixed position.
- **Conclusion**: Low temperature favors the solid state.

3. **High Thermal Energy**:
- High thermal energy increases the movement of particles, which can cause solids to melt into liquids or liquids to vaporize into gases. The higher the thermal energy, the more likely the substance will be in a gaseous state.
- **Conclusion**: High thermal energy does not favor the solid state.

4. **Weak Cohesive Forces**:
- Cohesive forces are the intermolecular forces that hold particles together in a solid. Weak cohesive forces would mean that particles can easily move apart, leading to a liquid or gaseous state rather than a solid state.
- **Conclusion**: Weak cohesive forces do not favor the solid state.

### Final Conclusion:
Among the options analyzed, **low temperature** is the condition that favors the existence of a substance in the solid state.

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