In permanganate ion, all the bonds formed between Mn and oxygen are covalent. Give reasons.

Explanation

To explain why all the bonds formed between manganese (Mn) and oxygen in the permanganate ion (MnO4^-) are covalent, we can follow these steps:

### Step 1: Determine the oxidation state of manganese in permanganate
The permanganate ion is represented as MnO4^-. To find the oxidation state of manganese (Mn), we can use the formula:
\[ \text{Oxidation state of Mn} + 4 \times \text{Oxidation state of O} = \text{Charge of the ion} \]
Given that the oxidation state of oxygen (O) is -2, we can set up the equation:
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