Acetanilide is prepared by the reaction of acetyl chloride on

Options

A. acetamide
B. aniline
C. acetaldehyde
D. benzene

Explanation

To prepare acetanilide, we need to react acetyl chloride with an appropriate compound. Let's break down the steps to find the correct compound.

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Identify Acetanilide Structure**:
Acetanilide is a compound that consists of a benzene ring with an amide functional group. Its structure can be represented as:
\[ \text{C}_6\text{H}_5\text{NHCOCH}_3 \]
This indicates that it contains a phenyl group (from benzene) and an acetamide group.

2. **Identify Acetyl Chloride**:
Acetyl chloride is represented as:
\[ \text{CH}_3\text{C(=O)Cl} \]
This compound is a reactive acyl chloride that can react with nucleophiles.

3. **Determine the Reactant**:
To form acetanilide, we need a compound that contains a nucleophilic amine group. The most suitable candidate is **aniline**, which has the structure:
\[ \text{C}_6\text{H}_5\text{NH}_2 \]
Aniline contains an amino group (-NH2) that can act as a nucleophile.

4. **Reaction Mechanism**:
When aniline reacts with acetyl chloride, the nucleophilic nitrogen of the aniline attacks the carbonyl carbon of the acetyl chloride. This results in the formation of acetanilide and hydrochloric acid (HCl) as a byproduct:
\[ \text{C}_6\text{H}_5\text{NH}_2 + \text{CH}_3\text{C(=O)Cl} \rightarrow \text{C}_6\text{H}_5\text{NHCOCH}_3 + \text{HCl} \]

5. **Conclusion**:
Therefore, acetanilide is prepared by the reaction of acetyl chloride with **aniline**.

### Final Answer:
Acetanilide is prepared by the reaction of acetyl chloride on **aniline**.

---