What reaction is used for converting a primary amide into a primary amine containing one carbon atom less than the parent amide ?

Explanation

To convert a primary amide into a primary amine containing one carbon atom less than the parent amide, we can use the Hofmann degradation reaction. Here’s a step-by-step breakdown of the reaction:

### Step 1: Identify the Reactants
The primary amide can be represented as R-C(=O)-NH2, where R is an alkyl or aryl group. The reaction requires bromine (Br2) and a strong base, typically potassium hydroxide (KOH).

### Step 2: Reaction with Base
When the primary amide is treated with KOH, the hydroxide ion (OH-) from KOH deprotonates the amide nitrogen. This forms an intermediate anion:
\[ R-C(=O)-NH^- \]
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