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The reaction intermediates involved in t...

The reaction intermediates involved in the addition of HBr to propene in the presence of an organic peroxide are
(a) free radicals
(b)carbocations
(c)carbanions
(d)carbenes

A

free radicals

B

carbocations

C

carbanions

D

carbenes

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The correct Answer is:
To determine the reaction intermediates involved in the addition of HBr to propene in the presence of an organic peroxide, we can analyze the reaction mechanism step by step. ### Step 1: Understanding the Role of Organic Peroxides Organic peroxides (R-O-O-R) undergo homolytic cleavage to form free radicals. This means that the bond between the oxygen atoms breaks evenly, resulting in two alkoxy radicals (R-O•). **Hint:** Organic peroxides generate free radicals when they decompose. ### Step 2: Formation of Alkoxy Radicals When the organic peroxide decomposes, it produces two alkoxy radicals (R-O•). These radicals are highly reactive and can initiate further reactions. **Hint:** Look for the radicals produced from the cleavage of peroxides. ### Step 3: Reaction of Alkoxy Radicals with HBr The alkoxy radical (R-O•) reacts with HBr. During this reaction, homolytic cleavage occurs again, resulting in the formation of an alcohol (ROH) and a bromine radical (Br•). **Hint:** Identify how radicals interact with HBr to generate new radicals. ### Step 4: Addition of Bromine Radical to Propene Now, we have propene (CH3-CH=CH2) and a bromine radical (Br•). The bromine radical will add to one of the carbons in the double bond. According to the anti-Markovnikov rule, the bromine radical will attach to the carbon that has more hydrogen atoms, leading to the formation of a new radical. **Hint:** Remember the anti-Markovnikov rule when considering where the bromine radical will add. ### Step 5: Formation of the New Radical After the bromine radical adds to propene, we form a new radical intermediate (the radical is now located on the carbon that was previously a double bond). This radical can further react with another molecule of HBr. **Hint:** Recognize that the addition of radicals can create new radical intermediates. ### Step 6: Final Product Formation The new radical formed will react with another HBr molecule, leading to the addition of a hydrogen atom to the radical site. This results in the formation of the final product, 1-bromopropane (CH3-CH2-CH2Br), and regenerates another bromine radical. **Hint:** The final product is formed through the reaction of the radical with HBr. ### Conclusion The entire reaction mechanism involves the formation and reaction of free radicals. Therefore, the correct answer to the question regarding the reaction intermediates involved in the addition of HBr to propene in the presence of an organic peroxide is: **(a) free radicals**

To determine the reaction intermediates involved in the addition of HBr to propene in the presence of an organic peroxide, we can analyze the reaction mechanism step by step. ### Step 1: Understanding the Role of Organic Peroxides Organic peroxides (R-O-O-R) undergo homolytic cleavage to form free radicals. This means that the bond between the oxygen atoms breaks evenly, resulting in two alkoxy radicals (R-O•). **Hint:** Organic peroxides generate free radicals when they decompose. ### Step 2: Formation of Alkoxy Radicals ...
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Reaction intermdiates are short lived species and are highly reactive. They are formed by heterolytic and homolytic bond fission. There are various types of reaction intermediates in which the most important are carbocation , carbanion and free radical. Carbocation is an organic species in which carbon have positive charge and six electrons in its outermost shell. The stability of carbocation can be increased by positive inductive effect, hyperconjugation and delocalisation. If alpha -atom with respect to carbocation has one or more lone pair of electron then lone pair of electron strongly stabilises the carbocation due to octet completion. Species in which carbon have negative charge is called carbanion. Carbanion carries three bond pairs and one lone pair. The stability of carbanion can be increased by negative inductive effect, negative mesomeric effect and delocalisation. Free radical is a species which have seven electrons in its outermost shell. The stability of free radical can be increased by hyperconjugation and delocalisation. The stability order of following carbocations is

ICSE-ORGANIC CHEMISTRY : SOME BASIC PRINCIPLES AND TECHNIQUES -OBJECTIVE ( MULTIPLE CHOICE ) TYPE QUESTIONS
  1. In a free radical, the carbon atom carrying unpaired electron is

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  2. Nitration of benzene is

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  3. The reaction intermediates involved in the addition of HBr to propene ...

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  4. The shape of carbanion [CH(3)]^(-) is: linear bent pyramidal ...

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  5. Which of the following is an electrophile ? NH3 AlCl3 OH^(-) CH3-O...

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  6. Heterolytic fission of C—Cl bond produces two free radicals two ca...

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  7. Which one of the following is the strongest acid ?

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  8. The most stable free radical is

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  9. The formation of cyanohydrin from a ketone is an example of nucleophi...

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  10. Which of the following alkyl halides is hydrolysed by S(N^1)mechanism ...

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  11. Which of the following does contain three pairs of electrons ?

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  12. Amongst the following, which are true for S(N^2) reaction ? (i) The ra...

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  13. Nucleophiles are while electrophiles are .

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  14. The + l-effect is shown by

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  15. Wilkinson's catalyst is

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  16. The hardness of water is estimated by (a)conductivity method (b)EDT...

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  17. Which of the following is an organometallic compound ?

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  18. Which of the following is an organometallic compound ?

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  19. In the compound, lithium tetrahydroaluminate, the ligand is

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  20. Which of the following ligands does form a chelate ?

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