Define frequency modulation and state any one advantage of frequency modulation (FM) over amplitude modulation (AM).

Explanation

### Step-by-Step Text Solution

**Step 1: Define Frequency Modulation (FM)**
Frequency Modulation (FM) is a technique used to encode information onto a carrier wave by varying the frequency of the carrier wave in accordance with the amplitude of the input (modulating) signal. In FM, the frequency of the carrier signal is changed based on the instantaneous amplitude of the modulating signal, which can be either analog or digital. The carrier signal has a frequency that is typically higher than that of the message signal.

**Step 2: Explain the Process of Frequency Modulation**
In the process of frequency modulation, the carrier wave's frequency is altered to represent the information being transmitted. For example, if the modulating signal has a frequency of \( \mu_m \) and the carrier frequency is \( \mu_c \), the resultant modulated signal will have a frequency that varies around \( \mu_c \) based on the variations in \( \mu_m \). This modulation allows the signal to travel greater distances and maintain its integrity.

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