Give the cause and one symmptom of the following diseases :
a. Atherosclerosis
b. Uraemia
c. Osteoporosis

Explanation

(i) Atherosclerosis - It is a coronary artery disease (CAD) caused by deposition of fatty substances, calcium or fibrous tissue on the inner lining of the wall of the lumen of arteries.
Sumptoms : This makes the lumen of the artery narrower. It reduces the blood supply to the heart due to blockage resulting in the heart attack. The symptoms of CAD may range from mild angina to full scale heart attack.
(ii) Uraemia - Abnormal accumulation of urea in the blood is known as uraemia. It is caused due to retention of urea and other waste products in the blood, because of reduced glomerular filtration rate and impaired tubular secretion or urea. This leads to kidney failure.
Symptoms : Anorexia, mental disorientation, are the main symptoms of uraemia. Nausea vomiting and bone pain are the other symptoms which are encountered.
(iii) Osteoporosis - It is the decalcification of bones. It is caused due to over secretion or high level of parathormone (a hormone of parathyroid).
Symptoms : Bones become soft and porous.