What is artificial insemination ? Mention two ways in which it is useful in breeding of dairy animals.

Explanation

**Step-by-Step Text Solution:**

1. **Definition of Artificial Insemination:**
Artificial insemination (AI) is a reproductive technology that involves the deliberate introduction of sperm into a female's reproductive system by means other than natural mating. In the context of dairy animals, it typically involves selecting a superior female (such as a high-yielding cow) and a superior male (an elite bull) to enhance the genetic quality of the offspring.

2. **Process of Artificial Insemination:**
- **Selection of Parents:** The first step is to select a superior female and a superior bull. The female is chosen based on her milk production capabilities, while the bull is selected for his genetic traits that contribute to stronger and healthier progeny.
- **Semen Collection:** Semen is collected from the selected bull. This can be done through various methods, including electroejaculation or artificial vagina techniques.
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