A cell is sending current in an external circuit. How does the terminal voltage compare with the e.m.f. of the cell ?

Explanation

To understand how the terminal voltage compares with the e.m.f. (electromotive force) of a cell when it is sending current in an external circuit, we can follow these steps:

### Step 1: Define the Terms
- **E.M.F. of the Cell (V_emf)**: This is the maximum potential difference provided by the cell when no current is flowing through the circuit. It represents the energy supplied by the cell per unit charge.
- **Terminal Voltage (V_t)**: This is the potential difference across the terminals of the cell when current is flowing. It is the voltage available to the external circuit.

### Step 2: Understand the Circuit
- Consider a simple circuit where a cell is connected to a load (resistor) through two points, A and B. The cell has an internal resistance (r) and is providing current (I) to the load.
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