Why is it essential that tRNA binds to both an amino acid and an mRNA codon during protein synthesis?

Explanation

**Step-by-Step Solution:**

1. **Understanding tRNA's Role**: Transfer RNA (tRNA) is a crucial molecule in the process of protein synthesis. It serves as an adapter that translates the genetic code from mRNA into a specific sequence of amino acids.

2. **Binding to Amino Acids**: tRNA molecules pick up activated amino acids from the cytoplasm. Each tRNA is specific to one amino acid, which is essential for ensuring that the correct amino acid is added to the growing polypeptide chain.

3. **Binding to mRNA Codon**: tRNA also binds to the mRNA codon at the ribosome. The mRNA contains the genetic instructions in the form of codons, which are sequences of three nucleotides that specify which amino acid will be added next.

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