Exotic species having been introduced in India are

Options

A. Lantana camara, Water Hyacinth
B. Water Hyacinth, Prosopis cineraria
C. Lamtana camara, Ficus religiosa
D. Nile Perch, Ficus religiosa

Answer

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding Exotic Species**:
- Exotic species, also known as non-native species, are organisms that are introduced to a region where they do not naturally occur. These introductions can happen intentionally or accidentally, often due to human activities.

2. **Examples of Exotic Species in India**:
- In the context of India, several exotic species have been introduced. Notable examples include:
- **Lantana Camara**: A flowering plant that was introduced for ornamental purposes and erosion control but has become invasive.
- **Water Hyacinth**: An aquatic plant that was introduced for decorative purposes but has caused significant ecological problems in water bodies.
- **Tamarix (Trosopis canaria)**: Another plant species introduced in India, often for afforestation.
- **Nile Perch**: A fish species introduced into Indian waters, which can disrupt local aquatic ecosystems.

3. **Impact of Exotic Species**:
- The introduction of exotic species can lead to competition with native species, potentially causing declines or extinctions of local flora and fauna. This can disrupt ecosystems and lead to a loss of biodiversity.

4. **Conclusion**:
- The question specifically asks for examples of exotic species introduced in India. Based on the discussion, the correct examples include Lantana Camara and Water Hyacinth, among others.

### Final Answer:
The exotic species that have been introduced in India include:
- Lantana Camara
- Water Hyacinth
- Trosopis canaria
- Nile Perch