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According to Kyoto protocol, the major n...

According to Kyoto protocol, the major nations abide to reduce concentration of greenhouse gases by

A

2008

B

2010

C

2012

D

2018

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To answer the question regarding the Kyoto Protocol and the commitment of major nations to reduce the concentration of greenhouse gases, we can follow these steps: ### Step-by-Step Solution: 1. **Understanding the Kyoto Protocol**: - The Kyoto Protocol is an international agreement aimed at combating climate change and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. 2. **Date of Implementation**: - The protocol was concluded in December 1997 during an international conference held in Kyoto, Japan. 3. **Commitment to Reduce Emissions**: - Major nations that are part of the Kyoto Protocol committed to reducing their greenhouse gas emissions to 5% below the levels that were present in 1990. 4. **Time Frame for Reduction**: - The specified time frame for achieving this reduction was between the years 2008 and 2012. 5. **Extension of the Protocol**: - After the initial commitment period, the Kyoto Protocol was extended until 2020 to continue efforts in reducing greenhouse gas emissions. ### Final Answer: According to the Kyoto Protocol, the major nations abide to reduce the concentration of greenhouse gases by the years 2008 to 2012. ---
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In kyoto protocol, all nations agreed to reduce emission of green house gases by

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Match column I with column II and select the correct option from the given codes. {:("Column I","Column II"),("Bishnoi community", (i)"Rajasthan "),("Chipko movement", (ii) "Reduce the emission of ozone depleting substances"),("Montreal protocol",(iii)"Garhwal Himalyas"),("Kyoto protocol",(iv)"Reduce the emission of greenhouse gases"):}

The decompoistion of N_(2)O_(5) in C CI_(4) solution at 318 K has been studied by monitoring the concentration of N_(2)O_(5) in the solution. Initially, the concentration of N_(2)O is 2.33 M and after 184 min , it is reduced to 2.08 M . The reaction takes place according to the equation: 2N_(2)O_(5) rarr 4NO_(2) + O_(2) Calculate the average rate of this reaction in terms of hours, minutes, and seconds. What is the rate of Production of NO_(2) during this period?

CO_2 and H_2 O absorbs strongly in the infrared region and its presence in the atmosphere decreases the loss of heat from the earth by radiation . This global warming is called the greenhouse effect (other gases , including the oxides of nitrogen from car exhaust freons from aerosols and refrigerators and methane from bacteria in the soil and in the rumen cows , also add to the greenhouse effect ). The concentration of atmospheric CO_2 has increased by 10% . The is resulting in the increase in the mean temperature of the earth by 2. 5^@ C , varying form 2^@ C the equator to 4^@ C at the poles . This could have dramatic effects on the climate. Which of the following is growing at a faster rate than CO_2 and thus responsible for the greenhouse effect ?

The decompoistion of N_(2)O_(5) in C CI_(4) solution at 318 K has been studied by monitoring the concentration of N_(2)O_(5) in the solution. Initially, the concentration of N_(2)O_(5) is 2.33 M and after 184 min , it is reduced to 2.08 M . The reaction takes place according to the equation: 2N_(2)O_(5) rarr 4NO_(2) + O_(2) Calculate the average rate of this reaction in terms of hours, minutes, and seconds. What is the rate of Production of NO_(2) during this period?

CO_2 and H_2 O absorbs strongly in the infrared rrgion and its presence in the atmospheere dectrases the loss fo heat form the enrth by radistiion . This global warming is called the greenhouse effect (other gases , including the oxides of nitraongen form car exhauset freons from aerosols and refrigeratirs and methane from bacteria in the soil and in the rument cows , also add to the reeenhouse effect ). The concentration fo atmospheric CO_2 has increased by 10% . The is rsulting in the increase in the mean temperature fo the earth by 2. 5^@ C , varying form 2^@ C t the equlator to 4^@ C at the poles . This could have dramatic effects on the climate. Instead of monitoring carbon dioxide suggest another gas that scientists could studey to substantiate the fact that CO_2 conentration is steadily increasing in the atmosphere ?

CO_2 and H_2 O absorbs strongly in the infrared rrgion and its presence in the atmospheere dectrases the loss fo heat form the enrth by radistiion . This global warming is called the greenhouse effect (other gases , including the oxides of nitraongen form car exhauset freons from aerosols and refrigeratirs and methane from bacteria in the soil and in the rument cows , also add to the reeenhouse effect ). The concentration fo atmospheric CO_2 has increased by 10% . The is rsulting in the increase in the mean temperature fo the earth by 2. 5^@ C , varying form 2^@ C t the equlator to 4^@ C at the poles . This could have dramatic effects on the climate. The equilibrium constant (K_(p)) for the reaction 2CO_((g))underset(larr)(rarr)2CO_(2(g)) is 1.4xx10^(90) at 25^(@)C . Given this enormous value, why does not CO convert totally into CO_(2) in the troposphere?.

The colloidal particles are electrically charged as a indicated by their migration towards cathode or anode under the applied electric field. In a particular colloidal system, all particles carry either positive charge or negative charge. The electric charge on colloidal particles orginate in several ways. According to preferential adsorption theory, the freshly obtained precipitate particles adsorb ions from the dispersion medium, which are common to their lattice and acquire the charge of adsorbed ions. For example, For example, freshly obtained Fe(OH)_(3) precipitated is dispersed, by a little FeCl_(3) , into colloidal solution owing to the adsorption of Fe^(3+) ions in preference. Thus sol particles will be positively charged. In some cases the colloidal particles are aggregates of cations or anions having ampiphilic character. When the ions posses hydrophobic part (hydrocarbon end) as well as hydrophilic part (polar end group), they undergo association in aqueous solution to form particles having colloidal size. The formation of such particles, called micelles plays a very important role in the solubilization of water insoluble substances, (hydrocarbon, oils, fats, grease etc.). In micelles, the polar end groups are directed towards water and the hydrocarbon ends into the centre. The charge on sol particles of proteins depends on the pH. At low pH, the basic group of protein molecule is ionized (protonated) and at higher pH (alkaline medium), the acidic group is ionized. At isoelectric pH, characteristic to the protein, both basix and acidic groups are equally ionized. The stability of colloidal solution is attributed largely to the electric charge of the dispersed particles. This charge causes them to be coagulated or precipitated. On addition of small amount of electrolytes, the ions carrying oppiste charge are adsorbed by sol particles resulting in the neutralization of their charge. When the sol particles either with no charge or reduced charge, come closer due to Brownian movement, they coalesce to form bigger particles resulting in their separation from the dispersion medium. This is what is called coagulating or precipitation of the colloidal solution. The coagulating power of the effective ion, which depend on its charge, is expressed in terms of its coagulating value, defined as its minimum concentration (m mol/L) needed to precipitate a given sol. Which of the following ions would have the minimum coagulating value for sol obtained on peptizing Sn(OH)_(4) by little NaOH solution?

The colloidal particles are electrically charged as a indicated by their migration towards cathode or anode under the applied electric field. In a particular colloidal system, all particles carry either positive charge or negative charge. The electric charge on colloidal particles orginate in several ways. According to preferential adsorption theory, the freshly obtained precipitate particles adsorb ions from the dispersion medium, which are common to their lattice and acquire the charge of adsorbed ions. For example, For example, freshly obtained Fe(OH)_(3) precipitated is dispersed, by a little FeCl_(3) , into colloidal solution owing to the adsorption of Fe^(3+) ions in preference. Thus sol particles will be positively charged. In some cases the colloidal particles are aggregates of cations or anions having ampiphilic character. When the ions posses hydrophobic part (hydrocarbon end) as well as hydrophilic part (polar end group), they undergo association in aqueous solution to form particles having colloidal size. The formation of such particles, called micelles plays a very important role in the solubilization of water insoluble substances, (hydrocarbon, oils, fats, grease etc.). In micelles, the polar end groups are directed towards water and the hydrocarbon ends into the centre. The charge on sol particles of proteins depends on the pH. At low pH, the basic group of protein molecule is ionized (protonated) and at higher pH (alkaline medium), the acidic group is ionized. At isoelectric pH, characteristic to the protein, both basix and acidic groups are equally ionized. The stability of colloidal solution is attributed largely to the electric charge of the dispersed particles. This charge causes them to be coagulated or precipitated. On addition of small amount of electrolytes, the ions carrying oppiste charge are adsorbed by sol particles resulting in the neutralization of their charge. When the sol particles either with no charge or reduced charge, come closer due to Brownian movement, they coalesce to form bigger particles resulting in their separation from the dispersion medium. This is what is called coagulating or precipitation of the colloidal solution. The coagulating power of the effective ion, which depend on its charge, is expressed in terms of its coagulating value, defined as its minimum concentration (m mol/L) needed to precipitate a given sol. How would you obtain a sol of AgI, the particles of which migrate towards cathode under the electric field?

ICSE-ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES-COMPETITION CORNER (OBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS)
  1. Which of the following is not shortwave radiation?

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  2. Arrange the following options in ascending order of their BOD value. ...

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  3. According to Kyoto protocol, the major nations abide to reduce concent...

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  4. In 2002 AD, according to research, the concentration of CFCs reached t...

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  5. Which of the following are the indicators of pollution?

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  6. Catalytic converter in vehicle is used for controlling

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  7. Ozone (O(3)) depletion is due to

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  8. A pollutant can best defined as it

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  9. Acid rain is caused by increase in the atomospheric concentration of

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  10. Increase in atmospheric temperature due to CO(2) , is called

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  11. DDT residues are rapidly passed through food chain causing biomagnific...

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  12. Montreal Protocol aims at:

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  13. Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) in a river water

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  14. Global agreement in specific control strategies to reduce the release ...

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  15. Steps taken by the Government of India to control air pollution includ...

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  16. NEERI is situated in

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  17. Formation of non-functional methaemoglobin causes blue-baby syndrome. ...

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  18. The post Bhopal gas disaster analysis showed that the accident started...

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  19. Greenhouse effect is mainly caused by

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  20. Which insecticide is more hazardous to human health?

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