The manganate and permanganate ions are tetrahedral due to

Options

A. The `pi`- bonding involves overlap of d-orbitals of oxygen with d-orbitals of manganese.
B. The `pi-`bonding involves overlap of p-orbitals of oxygen with d-orbitals of mangenese.
C. There is no `pi-` bonding
D. The `pi-` bonding involves overlap of p-orbitals of oxygen with p-orbitals of mangenese.

Explanation

To determine why the manganate (MnO4^2-) and permanganate (MnO4^-) ions are tetrahedral, we can follow these steps:

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Identify the Ions**:
- Manganate ion: MnO4^2-
- Permanganate ion: MnO4^-

2. **Determine the Geometry**:
- Both ions are stated to be tetrahedral in their geometry.

3. **Consider the Central Atom**:
- The central atom in both ions is manganese (Mn).

4. **Examine the Bonding**:
- In these ions, manganese forms bonds with four oxygen atoms.

5. **Hybridization**:
- The hybridization of the manganese atom in these ions can be determined by the number of bonds it forms. Since Mn is bonded to four oxygen atoms, the hybridization is sp^3.

6. **Electron Pair Geometry**:
- The sp^3 hybridization indicates that there are four equivalent hybrid orbitals arranged in a tetrahedral geometry to minimize electron pair repulsion.

7. **Pi Bonding**:
- The bonding involves overlap between the p orbitals of oxygen and the d orbitals of manganese, allowing for the formation of pi bonds.

8. **Conclusion**:
- Therefore, the tetrahedral shape of both manganate and permanganate ions is a result of the sp^3 hybridization of manganese, which allows for the formation of four equivalent bonds with oxygen atoms.

### Final Answer:
The manganate and permanganate ions are tetrahedral due to the sp^3 hybridization of manganese, which allows for the formation of four equivalent bonds with oxygen atoms.