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The nature of ions knocked out from hot ...

The nature of ions knocked out from hot surface is

A

protons

B

electrons

C

neutrons

D

nuclei

Text Solution

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The correct Answer is:
### Step-by-Step Solution: 1. **Understanding the Structure of an Atom:** - An atom consists of a nucleus at its center, which contains protons and neutrons. Surrounding the nucleus are electrons that occupy various energy levels or shells. 2. **Identifying the Forces at Play:** - The protons and neutrons in the nucleus are held together by strong nuclear forces, which are significantly stronger than the forces that hold electrons in their shells, known as Coulomb forces (the electrostatic force between charged particles). 3. **Considering the Effect of Heat:** - When a surface is heated, energy is supplied to the atoms. This energy can cause the electrons, which are less tightly bound to the nucleus compared to protons and neutrons, to gain enough energy to escape from the atom. 4. **Evaluating the Options:** - The question provides four options: proton, electron, neutron, and nuclei. - Since protons and neutrons are bound tightly in the nucleus by strong nuclear forces, they cannot be easily knocked out. Nuclei (which consist of protons and neutrons) also cannot be ejected easily. - Electrons, however, are bound by weaker Coulomb forces and can be knocked out of the atom when sufficient energy is provided (as in the case of heating). 5. **Conclusion:** - Therefore, the nature of ions knocked out from a hot surface will be electrons. The correct answer is **electron**.
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