p-n junction is called as forward biased when

Options

A. the positive pole of the battery is joined to the p-semiconductor and negative pole to the n-semiconductor
B. the positive pole of the battery is joined to the n-semiconductor and negative pole to the p-semiconductor
C. the positive pole of the battery is connected to n-semiconductor and p-semiconductor
D. a mechanical force is applied in the forward direction

Answer

To determine when a p-n junction is called forward biased, we can follow these steps:

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding the p-n Junction**:
- A p-n junction is formed by joining p-type and n-type semiconductors. The p-type semiconductor has an abundance of holes (positive charge carriers), while the n-type has an abundance of electrons (negative charge carriers).

2. **Connection to a Battery**:
- When a p-n junction is connected to a battery, the terminals of the battery play a crucial role in determining the biasing of the junction.

3. **Identifying Forward Bias**:
- A p-n junction is said to be forward biased when the positive terminal of the battery is connected to the p-type semiconductor and the negative terminal is connected to the n-type semiconductor.
- This connection allows current to flow through the junction, as it reduces the barrier potential, enabling charge carriers to move across the junction.

4. **Conclusion**:
- Therefore, the correct condition for a p-n junction to be considered forward biased is: **the positive pole of the battery is joined to the P semiconductor and the negative pole to the N semiconductor**.

### Final Answer:
A p-n junction is called forward biased when the positive pole of the battery is joined to the P semiconductor and the negative pole to the N semiconductor.

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