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An ion has 18 electrons in the outermost...

An ion has 18 electrons in the outermost shell , it is

A

(a) `Cu^(+)`

B

(b) `Th^(4+)`

C

(c) `Cs^(+)`

D

(d) `K^(+)`

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The correct Answer is:
To determine which ion has 18 electrons in the outermost shell, we need to analyze the electronic configurations of the given ions: Cu⁺, Th⁴⁺, Cs⁺, and K⁺. ### Step-by-Step Solution: 1. **Identify the Atomic Numbers**: - Copper (Cu) has an atomic number of 29. - Thorium (Th) has an atomic number of 90. - Cesium (Cs) has an atomic number of 55. - Potassium (K) has an atomic number of 19. 2. **Write the Electronic Configurations**: - **Copper (Cu)**: - The electronic configuration is: - 2 electrons in the 1st shell, - 8 electrons in the 2nd shell, - 18 electrons in the 3rd shell, - 1 electron in the 4th shell. - Configuration: 2, 8, 18, 1. - **Thorium (Th)**: - The electronic configuration is: - 2 electrons in the 1st shell, - 8 electrons in the 2nd shell, - 18 electrons in the 3rd shell, - 32 electrons in the 4th shell, - 18 electrons in the 5th shell, - 10 electrons in the 6th shell, - 2 electrons in the 7th shell. - Configuration: 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 10, 2. - **Cesium (Cs)**: - The electronic configuration is: - 2 electrons in the 1st shell, - 8 electrons in the 2nd shell, - 18 electrons in the 3rd shell, - 18 electrons in the 4th shell, - 8 electrons in the 5th shell, - 1 electron in the 6th shell. - Configuration: 2, 8, 18, 18, 8, 1. - **Potassium (K)**: - The electronic configuration is: - 2 electrons in the 1st shell, - 8 electrons in the 2nd shell, - 8 electrons in the 3rd shell, - 1 electron in the 4th shell. - Configuration: 2, 8, 8, 1. 3. **Determine the Configuration After Ionization**: - **Cu⁺**: Loses 1 electron from the outermost shell (4th shell). - New configuration: 2, 8, 18 (18 electrons in the outermost shell). - **Th⁴⁺**: Loses 4 electrons (2 from the 7th shell and 2 from the 6th shell). - New configuration: 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 8 (still has 18 in the 5th shell). - **Cs⁺**: Loses 1 electron from the outermost shell (6th shell). - New configuration: 2, 8, 18, 18, 8 (still has 8 in the outermost shell). - **K⁺**: Loses 1 electron from the outermost shell (4th shell). - New configuration: 2, 8, 8 (8 electrons in the outermost shell). 4. **Conclusion**: - The only ion that has 18 electrons in the outermost shell after ionization is **Cu⁺**. ### Final Answer: The ion with 18 electrons in the outermost shell is **Cu⁺** (option A).
To determine which ion has 18 electrons in the outermost shell, we need to analyze the electronic configurations of the given ions: Cu⁺, Th⁴⁺, Cs⁺, and K⁺. ### Step-by-Step Solution: 1. **Identify the Atomic Numbers**: - Copper (Cu) has an atomic number of 29. - Thorium (Th) has an atomic number of 90. - Cesium (Cs) has an atomic number of 55. ...
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