The compound formed when malonic ester is heated with urea is

Options

A. (a) cinnamic acid
B. (b) butyric acid
C. (c) barbituric acid
D. (d) crotonic acid

Explanation

To solve the question regarding the compound formed when malonic ester is heated with urea, we can follow these steps:

### Step 1: Identify the Reactants
- **Malonic Ester**: The structure of malonic ester can be represented as:
\[ \text{CH}_2(\text{C(=O)OEt})_2 \]
where \( \text{OEt} \) represents the ethoxy group (C2H5O).

- **Urea**: The structure of urea is:
\[ \text{NH}_2\text{C(=O)NH}_2 \]

### Step 2: Understand the Reaction
When malonic ester is heated with urea, a condensation reaction occurs. This reaction typically involves the removal of small molecules, such as ethanol (C2H5OH), leading to the formation of a more complex structure.

### Step 3: Write the Reaction
During the reaction, two molecules of ethanol are eliminated. The general reaction can be summarized as follows:
\[ \text{Malonic Ester} + \text{Urea} \rightarrow \text{Intermediate} + 2 \text{C}_2\text{H}_5\text{OH} \]

### Step 4: Identify the Product
The product formed from this reaction is known as **Barbituric Acid**. Its structure can be represented as:
\[ \text{C}_4\text{H}_4\text{N}_2\text{O}_3 \]
which can also be depicted as:
\[ \text{NH}_2\text{C(=O)C(=O)N}\text{H} \]

### Step 5: Conclusion
From the options provided:
- A) Cinnamic acid
- B) Butyric acid
- C) Barbituric acid
- D) Crotonic acid

The correct answer is **C) Barbituric acid**.